In the summer, paddy fields often face challenges due to low water content, high temperatures, and increased fish activity. These conditions can lead to rapid contamination of the water and oxygen depletion, which can cause mass fish deaths if not properly managed. To ensure the safety of both rice cultivation and fish farming during this season, it's essential to implement the following five key measures:
First, regularly clean the fish ditches and channels. During the summer, fish consume more food, produce more waste, and are more active, which can easily clog the ditches and reduce water levels. This affects fish growth and reproduction. It is recommended to clean these areas every 3-4 days, ensuring that the ditches are at least 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep, while the fish channels should be 60–80 cm deep. The system should remain fully connected to maintain good water flow.
Second, maintain an appropriate water level in the paddy fields. The depth of the water directly influences the growth rate of fish. If the water level is too low, sudden temperature changes can be harmful and even fatal to the fish. Therefore, the water level in fish-friendly paddy fields should be kept at least 10 cm higher than normal. Fresh water should be added every 2–3 days to keep the environment clean and cool.
Third, follow the "four fixed" feeding method. This includes: **quality**—use fresh, fine feed that is free from mold and properly fermented; **quantity**—provide only the amount of food that can be consumed in one day; **timing**—feed early in the morning (6–7 AM) and late in the afternoon (5–6 PM), avoiding midday; and **location**—choose a suitable spot for feeding where fish can gather, allowing for better digestion and easier removal of leftover feed and waste.
Fourth, provide shade for the fish. In addition to maintaining adequate water levels, it’s beneficial to place straw or bamboo structures above the fish channels to offer shelter. Additionally, aquatic plants like duckweed can be introduced to provide natural shade and serve as a food source for the fish, helping them stay cool during the hot summer months.
Fifth, apply fertilizers wisely. If fertilization is necessary in the summer, prioritize organic fertilizers and minimize or avoid inorganic ones. Apply small amounts frequently to prevent water pollution and maintain a healthy ecosystem.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can effectively manage their paddy fields and fish populations, ensuring both productivity and sustainability throughout the summer season.
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