In the summer, paddy fields often face challenges due to low water content, high temperatures, and increased fish waste, which can quickly lead to water pollution and oxygen depletion. A small mistake can result in large-scale fish deaths. To ensure the safety of rice cultivation during this season, it's essential to implement five key measures.
First, regularly clean the fish ditches and channels. During summer, with higher fish activity and more feeding, the ditches can become clogged with excess food and waste, reducing water levels and affecting fish growth and reproduction. It’s recommended to clear them every 3–4 days. The ditches should be at least 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep, while the fish channels should be 60–80 cm deep. Ensure that all channels are well-connected for proper water flow.
Second, maintain an adequate water level in the paddy fields. The depth of the water directly affects fish growth. If the water is too shallow, sudden temperature changes can cause mass fish deaths. Therefore, the water level in fish-friendly paddy fields should be kept at least 10 cm higher than regular fields. Fresh water should be added every 2–3 days to keep the water clean and cool.
Third, follow the "four fixed" feeding method. This includes: **qualitative** feeding—using fresh, fine feed without mold and properly fermented manure; **quantitative** feeding—providing just enough bait for the day; **timing**—feeding early in the morning (6–7 AM) and late afternoon (5–6 PM), avoiding midday; and **positioning**—choosing a suitable spot for feeding where fish can gather, making it easier to remove leftover bait and waste.
Fourth, provide shade. In addition to maintaining water levels, it's beneficial to place straw or bamboo structures above the fish channels to offer shelter from the intense summer sun. Adding aquatic plants like duckweed can also help by providing both shade and natural feed for the fish.
Fifth, apply fertilizers wisely. If fertilization is necessary during the summer, prioritize organic options and minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers. Apply them in small amounts and less frequently to avoid harming the fish and water quality.
By following these steps, farmers can protect their fish stocks and ensure successful rice cultivation even in the hottest months.
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