Tobacco plants have high moisture requirements during their growth period, and exposure to drought stress can significantly impact both yield and quality. China, a country with limited water resources, faces uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water, making droughts increasingly common in some tobacco-growing regions. In recent years, the frequency, scope, and severity of droughts have increased, causing greater losses. Although constructing water infrastructure helps mitigate these issues, it is costly and not feasible for all areas in the short term. Therefore, adopting agronomic measures to enhance plant resilience remains the primary strategy for improving water efficiency in tobacco cultivation.
Selecting appropriate varieties is crucial in drought-prone areas. Varieties like Yunyan 87 and K346, known for their drought resistance, should be prioritized. However, local conditions must also be considered when choosing these varieties to ensure they are well-suited to the environment.
Soil management plays a vital role in drought resistance. Overuse of inorganic fertilizers and improper farming practices have led to soil degradation, compaction, and reduced fertility. Improving soil structure through organic fertilizer application and green manure cultivation can enhance water retention, nutrient availability, and overall soil health.
Optimizing land preparation is another key step. Deep plowing improves soil structure, enhances root development, and increases moisture absorption capacity. Proper plowing depth—typically 20–30 cm—is essential, especially in low-fertility soils.
Strong seedlings are critical for successful transplanting. Healthy seedlings with well-developed roots and balanced nutrition improve survival rates and help tobacco withstand dry conditions. Transplanting at the right time and using proper techniques, such as watering before transplanting, ensures better establishment.
Improving cultivation techniques under drought conditions includes optimizing planting methods, using mulching (such as plastic or straw), and adjusting fertilization strategies. Applying base fertilizers, including organic and mineral sources, and timing additional applications based on soil moisture helps maintain plant health.
Timely soil cultivation keeps the soil loose, retains moisture, and promotes root growth. In dry areas, early and frequent cultivation can prevent water loss and improve plant resilience.
Growth regulators like paclobutrazol and fulvic acid have shown promise in enhancing drought tolerance. These substances reduce transpiration, increase stomatal resistance, and improve water use efficiency. Using them effectively can significantly boost the ability of tobacco plants to survive in dry conditions.
Overall, a combination of smart variety selection, soil improvement, proper planting techniques, and strategic use of growth regulators offers a practical and sustainable approach to managing drought in tobacco production.
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