Dianjiang County, located in Chongqing Municipality, has successfully implemented a pre-winter seedling technique using mulch film insulation. After nearly three years of practice, this method has been widely adopted by local farmers. The approach simplifies the traditional storage process and makes full use of winter mulching films. It is easy to operate, reduces seed rot (comparable to indoor storage), speeds up seedling emergence (1–3 days earlier than conventional methods), and results in more uniform growth.
The technique involves several key steps:
First, selecting an ideal seedbed: Choose a sheltered, sunny area with good drainage and irrigation facilities. The soil should be loose, fertile, and deep, with good texture. Avoid land that was used for sweet potato vegetables the previous year. The best option is to use a field previously planted with Shijiazi vegetables.
Second, preparing the soil thoroughly. Dig the seedbed, creating beds that are 1.6–1.8 meters wide, with a planting width of 1.3–1.4 meters and a ditch width of 0.3–0.4 meters. The bed height should be around 5–15 cm. Apply 0.5 kg of calcium phosphate per square meter and 1–5 kg of wood ash as base fertilizer. Mix these into the top 10 cm of soil.
Third, choosing the right time for planting. In Dianjiang, the optimal period is usually 5–7 days before the beginning of winter, when indoor cellars are typically used for storing sweet potatoes.
Fourth, mastering the planting techniques. Select healthy, undamaged potato pieces on a sunny day, ensuring the surface soil is dry. Plant them using either trenching or hole digging. Trenches should be 24–40 cm deep, with spacing between plants of 5–13 cm. Nesting and spacing should be 28–33 cm apart, with 2–3 pieces per nest. Cut the potato pieces to appropriate sizes and place them vertically or horizontally on the bed or in the nest. Cover the seeds lightly, leaving one-third exposed. Then cover the bed with a double-layer plastic film and add an arch-shaped cover to ensure effective insulation.
Fifth, managing the seedbed properly. From sowing to seedling emergence, focus on maintaining warmth and preventing the film from being blown away by wind. Once buds appear in early March, remove the outer layer of mulch but keep the arch cover. After the seedlings emerge, gradually lift the arches and remove them. At the same time, strengthen pest control and field management, including weeding, fertilization, and other necessary practices.
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