Once livestock and poultry consume moldy feed, it can negatively impact their growth and development. In severe cases, it may lead to poisoning and even death, resulting in significant economic losses for farmers. To address this issue, there are several effective methods for handling mildly moldy feed:
1. **Removal Method**: For straw or pellet feed, simply remove the moldy and spoiled parts. This is a quick and practical approach for minor contamination.
2. **Washing Method**: For seed-type feeds, crush the moldy feed and place it in a container. Add 3 to 4 times the amount of water, stir thoroughly, and change the water twice daily. Continue this process until the soaking water becomes clear.
3. **Drying Method**: Ideal for large quantities of straw feed. Dry the moldy feed in the sun first, then ventilate and shake it to loosen and remove the mold.
4. **Heating Method**: For baking materials, heating at 150°C for 30 minutes or using a microwave for 8–9 minutes can destroy 48% to 61% of aflatoxins.
5. **Adsorption Method**: Clay and zeolite (mainly composed of aluminosilicates) not only support animal growth but also have strong adsorptive properties. Adding 0.5% of either to the feed can help absorb mycotoxins.
6. **De-embryo Method**: Aflatoxins in moldy corn tend to concentrate in the embryo. Grind the corn into small particles, mix with water, and let the embryos float to the surface. Remove them repeatedly to reduce toxicity.
7. **Ammonia Treatment**: Suitable for bran feed. Mix 12.5 grams of ammonia per kilogram of feed, seal it in a plastic bag, and leave it at room temperature. At 20°C, it takes 7 days to achieve over 87.5% detoxification; at 40°C, it can be done in 5 days with over 90% effectiveness.
8. **Alkali Cooking Method**: Best for seed-like feeds. Mix 100 kg of moldy feed with 3 times the water and add 500g of soda ash or 1kg of lime. Cook until the feed softens, cool, and rinse with water to remove the alkali.
9. **Fermentation Method**: Using Lactobacillus bacteria, this method reduces aflatoxin through enzyme activity. It not only detoxifies the feed but also enhances its nutritional value and improves palatability.
It’s important to note that these methods work best for mildly moldy feed and should be used in combination with other feed sources. They should not replace the main diet of animals. For heavily moldy feed, it's often more cost-effective and safer to discard it rather than attempt treatment. Always prioritize the health and safety of your livestock when dealing with contaminated feed.
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