Dianjiang County, located in Chongqing Municipality, has successfully implemented a pre-winter seedling technique using mulch film insulation. After nearly three years of practice, this method has gained widespread acceptance among local farmers. The approach eliminates the traditional storage process and makes efficient use of winter mulching films. It is simple to operate, reduces seed rot (comparable to indoor cellar methods), accelerates seedling emergence (1 to 3 days earlier than traditional mulching after seedlings grow), and results in more uniform growth.
The technique involves several key steps:
First, selecting an ideal seedbed is crucial. Farmers should choose a sheltered, sunny location with good drainage and irrigation facilities, loose and fertile soil, deep topsoil, and a favorable texture. Ideally, the land should not have been used for sweet potato vegetables in the previous year, making it suitable for seedbeds.
Second, preparing the soil properly is essential. The seedbed is dug into boxes that are 1.6 to 1.8 meters wide, with a walkway of 1.3 to 1.4 meters. The bed itself is 0.3 to 0.4 meters high and 5 to 15 cm deep. A base fertilizer is applied: 0.5 kg of calcium phosphate per square meter and 1 to 5 kg of wood ash. The soil is then thoroughly mixed into the top 10 cm layer.
Third, timing is important. The best period for planting is around the time when local farmers typically dig sweet potatoes for storage, usually about 5 to 7 days before the beginning of winter in Dianjiang.
Fourth, proper planting techniques must be followed. Farmers should select healthy, non-damaged tubers on a sunny day, ensuring the surface is dry. Seedbeds can be prepared using either trenching or hole digging. Trenches are 24 to 40 cm deep, with spacing between plants of 5 to 13 cm. Nesting distances range from 28 to 33 cm, with 2 to 3 tubers per nest. The size of the tuber pieces is adjusted, and they are placed vertically or horizontally on the bed or in the nests, following an uneven distribution principle. A third of the tuber remains exposed above the soil. A double-layer plastic film is laid over the bed, and an arch-shaped cover is added, ensuring all edges are tightly sealed for effective insulation.
Fifth, seedbed management is critical. From sowing to seedling emergence, the focus is on maintaining warmth and preventing the film from being blown away by wind. Once buds appear in early March, the outer mulch film is removed, while the arch cover is kept. As seedlings emerge, the arches are gradually taken down, and regular field management—such as weeding, fertilization, and pest control—is carried out to ensure healthy plant development.
This innovative approach has significantly improved efficiency and crop quality, making it a valuable addition to local agricultural practices.
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