Water quality management plays a crucial role in pearl farming, as it directly affects the survival rate, growth, and overall quality of pearls. Maintaining optimal water conditions ensures better nacre deposition, higher yield, and improved pearl quality. To achieve this, several key aspects should be carefully managed.
First, cultivating beneficial microorganisms is essential for supporting the growth of pearl oysters. These mollusks primarily feed on plankton, including algae like diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria, along with rotifers and organic detritus. Therefore, it's important to maintain a balanced ecosystem by promoting the growth of these beneficial organisms. Additionally, essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and trace elements must be present in adequate amounts in the culture water. Using high-quality fertilizers helps create a healthy environment that supports both the oysters and the surrounding aquatic life.
Second, scientific fertilization is vital for maintaining a stable and productive environment. The ideal water color for pearl ponds is typically yellow-brown or yellow-green, with a transparency of around 30–35 cm. Choosing the right fertilizer based on seasonal changes and water clarity can significantly impact the success of the operation. Traditional organic fertilizers like chicken or pig manure, while commonly used, can lead to problems such as incomplete decomposition, excess organic residue at the bottom, and the release of harmful substances like ammonia and nitrites. These can cause toxic conditions, weaken the oysters, and increase disease susceptibility. Similarly, chemical fertilizers may offer quick results but often have short-term effects and can disrupt the natural balance of the pond.
To address these challenges, advanced fertilizers like Tianchen Yufei TC-3 (Zhujingfei) are recommended. This high-tech product provides essential nutrients and trace elements without leaving harmful residues. It also contains beneficial bacteria that help break down organic matter and suppress pathogenic microorganisms. Its slow-release formula ensures long-lasting benefits and reduces stress on the oysters. The application rate varies depending on the season and water conditions—typically around 4 kg per mu in early spring, and 2 kg per mu during April and May. Adjustments can be made based on water clarity and nutrient levels, with small, frequent applications being more effective than large doses.
In addition to fertilization, regular water flushing and removal of excessive aquatic plants are necessary. Overgrown vegetation can deplete oxygen levels at night, negatively affecting oyster health. Flushing the pond improves water circulation, increases dissolved oxygen, and promotes better metabolism in the oysters. During hot seasons, adding EM bacteria can further enhance water quality by reducing harmful substances and improving oxygen levels.
Finally, consistent monitoring of water parameters is essential to prevent potential issues. By maintaining clean, clear, and stable water conditions, farmers can ensure the long-term success of their pearl farming operations. Regular adjustments and careful management will lead to healthier oysters, higher yields, and superior pearl quality.
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