Water quality management plays a crucial role in pearl farming. The quality of water directly affects the survival rate, growth rate, and deposition of pearls, as well as the yield and overall quality of the final product. Effective water management is essential for maintaining a healthy and productive environment for pearl oysters. To achieve this, several key factors must be considered.
First, it's important to cultivate the necessary food sources for pearl oysters. As filter feeders, they rely primarily on plankton, including algae like diatoms, cryptophytes, and green algae, along with rotifers and organic particles. Maintaining a balanced and rich plankton population is vital. In addition, essential trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, silicon, manganese, and iron should be present in sufficient quantities in the culture water to support optimal pearl formation. Using high-quality fertilizers is a critical step in creating a favorable ecological environment that supports both oyster health and pearl quality.
Second, scientific fertilization is essential to maintain a stable and healthy aquatic environment. The color and clarity of the water are often used as indicators of its quality—yellow-brown or yellow-green hues are typically preferred, with a transparency between 30cm and 35cm being ideal. Fertilizer application should be adjusted based on seasonal changes and water conditions. While traditional organic and chemical fertilizers have been widely used, they can lead to negative side effects, such as excessive organic residue, toxic substances, and harmful algal blooms. These issues can harm oysters, reduce their immunity, and increase the risk of disease outbreaks.
To address these challenges, modern solutions like Tianchen Yufei TC-3 (Zhujingfei) offer an eco-friendly alternative. This high-tech fertilizer provides essential nutrients and trace elements without leaving harmful residues. It also helps improve bottom conditions, detoxify the water, and control harmful bacteria. Its slow-release formula ensures a steady supply of nutrients, reducing stress on the oysters and promoting a more stable environment.
Fertilization should be done in small, frequent doses, especially during early spring when water temperatures are low. A base dose of 4kg per mu is recommended in March, followed by about 2kg per mu from April to May. Adjustments should be made based on water clarity and nutrient levels. Fertilizers should be applied on sunny days and avoided during periods of high algae growth, which can deplete oxygen and release toxins when they die.
In addition to fertilization, regular water flushing and removal of excess aquatic plants are important. Overgrown vegetation can consume oxygen at night, leading to hypoxia and negatively affecting pearl growth. Flushing the pond increases water flow and dissolved oxygen levels, supporting better metabolism in the oysters.
During hot seasons, adding EM bacteria can help reduce harmful substances, increase oxygen levels, and inhibit pathogen growth. Monitoring water quality regularly and adjusting parameters accordingly is crucial to prevent potential issues and ensure long-term success in pearl farming. With proper management, the goal of achieving "clean," "tender," "cool," and "living" water conditions becomes achievable, leading to higher yields and better-quality pearls.
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